Many outsiders think that the productivity of caregivers will return to “normal” once the child(ren) are out of the baby phase.

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But in daycare, they pick up viruses and spend time at home sick (and then you have the virus).
At school age, they have teacher meetings, plays, sports, music, holidays, and other day-time activities.

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Additionally, the main caregiver can spend at least 5 hours per day with the general care of children even in primary school. (35 hours per week!)

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Institutions need to understand that these things will happen during the work day for decades and adjust expectations for productivity.  Catching up is not possible when you have 2+ full time jobs.